‎‎‎‎‎Let $H(\mathbb{D})$ be the space of all analytic functions on $\mathbb{D}$‎, ‎$u,v\in H(\mathbb{D})$ and $\varphi,\psi$ be self-map $(\varphi,\psi:\mathbb{D}\rightarrow \mathbb{D})$‎. difference of weighted composition operator is denoted by $uC_\varphi‎ -‎vC_\psi$ and defined as follows‎ ‎\begin{align*}‎ (uC_\varphi‎ -‎vC_\psi)f(z) = u(z) f{(\varphi(z))}‎- ‎v(z) f(\psi(z))‎ ,‎\quad f\in H(\mathbb{D} )‎, ‎\quad z\in \mathbb{D}‎. ‎\end{align*}‎ ‎In this paper‎, ‎boundedness of difference of weighted composition operator from Cauchy transform into Dirichlet space will be considered and ‎an ‎equivalence condition for boundedness of such operator will be given‎.‎‎ Then the norm of composition operator between the mentioned spaces will be studied and it will be shown ‎that‎‎ $\|C_\varphi\|\geq 1$ ‎and‎ there is no composition isometry from Cauchy transform into Dirichlet ‎space‎.‎

In this paper,  a  one-dimensional modified Burgers'  equation is considered for different  Reynolds numbers. For very high Reynolds numbers,  the solution possesses a multiscale character in some part of the independent domain and thus can be classified as a  singularly perturbed problem. A numerical scheme that uses a fitted operator finite difference scheme to solve the spatial derivatives and the implicit Euler scheme for the time derivative is proposed to solve the modified  Burgers'  equation via Rothe's method. It is important to note that the proposed fitted operator finite difference scheme is based on the midpoint upwind scheme. The stability of the scheme is established and the error associated with each discretisation is estimated. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical findings.

Currently, carbon quantum dots have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and desirable advantages. High crystallinity, water solubility, good dispersibility, small size, low toxicity, inexpensive raw materials, high chemical stability, environmental compatibility, low cost, stability under light, desirable charge transfer with advanced electronic conductivity, as well as specific thermal and mechanical properties are some of these features. Carbon quantum dots have various applications in different fields. Fabrication of precise chemical and biological sensors, bioimaging, solar cells, drug tracking, nanomedicine, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and electrocatalysts are some of these applications. Biological sensors based on carbon quantum dots are capable of detecting various metal ions, acids, proteins, biotin, polypeptides, DNA and miRNA, water pollutants, hematin, drugs, vitamins, and other chemicals. In the present study, the properties of carbon quantum dots and some of their fabrication and applications methods have been addressed. In continuation of the paper, the effect of carbon quantum dots on important factors in plants such as growth and development, photosynthesis, absorption and transportation of substances, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as their application in agriculture has been investigated.

In this paper, first, we introduced a quantum system and how to create a quantum dot-paid and then with regard to the calculation of a quantum system uses quantum dots define a Hamiltonian for a Coulomb potential is caused by an electric dipole special functions particularly well as it could have obtained the relevant amounts. Finally, using a numerical method to compare the two discussed.

In this paper, the Schrodinger equation for a quantum wire is solved using a finite difference approach. A new aspect in this work is plotting wave function on cross section of rectangular cross-sectional wire in two dimensions, periodically. It is found that the correct eigen energies occur when wave functions have a complete symmetry. If the value of eigen energy has a small increase or decrease in neighborhood of the correct energy the symmetry will be destroyed and aperturbation value at the first of wave function will be observed. In addition, the demand on computer memory varies linearly with the size of the system under investigation.

In this paper, we determine the upper and lower bounds for the norm of lower triangular matrix operators on Cesà, ro weighted (p, v)−, fractional difference sequence spaces of modulus functions. We consider the matrix operators acting between ℓ, p(w) and Cp(v, ω, , Δ, (η, , ℓ, ), F) and identify their bounds and vice-versa. We also investigate the same characteristics for Nö, rlund and weighted mean matrix operators.

A double ambiguity has been charged against Rawls’s difference principle (DP). Is it Maximin, Leximin, or something else? Usually, following A. Sen, scholars identify DP with the so-called Leximin. One argues here that one has to distinguish 1° the Leximin, 2° the Maximin (as rule of justice formally analogous to the maximin rule of decision), represented by the figure in L of the perfectly substitutable goods, and 3° the genuine DP. When the augmentation of inequality benefits the worse off, only Pareto-strong improvements are permitted. Leximin would also permit Pareto-weak improvements too (after the first maximum D), where only the richest improves: from (2, 3) to (2, 5), say. This is forbidden by DP. With two classes, unlike Maximin, DP has no curve of indifference and is always decisive, as Leximin is. For undecisive Rules of Justice, which admit indifferent curves, I propose to add a lexically secondary rule, to break ties. That move is able to clarify the links and the differences between on the one hand Maximin alone, with its typical indifference curves in L, and on the other hand, the DP properly understood and the Leximin, which both have no indifferent curves. With two classes of persons (best off/worse off), DP appears more egalitarian than Leximin, because it's secondary rule is MinIn (Minimization of Inequality). But the intuition behind the distinction is that it cannot possible “fair” that only the best off improves in a productive social cooperation.

Let $I\subseteq\mathbb{R}$ be an interval and $\beta\colon I\to I$ a strictly increasing continuous function with a unique fixed point $s_0\in I$ satisfying $(t-s_0)(\beta(t)-t)\le 0$ for all $t\in I$. Hamza et al. introduced the general quantum difference operator $D_{\beta}$ by $D_{\beta}f(t):=\frac{f(\beta(t))-f(t)}{\beta(t)-t}$ if $t\ne s_0$ and $D_{\beta}f(t):=f'(s_0)$ if $t=s_0$.   In this paper, we establish results concerning Taylor's formula associated with $D_{\beta}$. For this, we define two types of monomials and then present our main results. The obtained results are new in the literature and are useful for further research in the field.

A second order finite difference scheme is constructed to solve a singularly perturbed degenerate parabolic convection diffusion problem via Rothe's method. The solution of the problem exhibits a boundary layer on the left side of the spatial domain.  By means of the Crank Nicolson finite difference scheme, the time derivative is discretised to obtain a set of semi-discrete boundary value problems. Using a fitted operator finite difference scheme based on the midpoint downwind scheme,  the system of boundary value problems are discretized and analysed for convergence. Second order accuracy is established for each discretisation process. Numerical simulations are carried out to validate the theoretical error estimate.